1.         Thomas Stothard (English, 1755-1834), “The Voyage of the Sable Venus,” copper engraving, 1794, in Bryan Edwards, The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies, 1801, Getty Research Institute, Research Library

2.         E. Thiesson (French, active 1840s), Native woman of Sofala, Mozambique, 1845, Courtesy George Eastman House

3.         Ernest Benecke (French, born Germany, active 1851-8), Guerrier nubien et sa femme (Nubian warrior with his wife, a local beauty prized for her weight), 1852, The Wilson Center for Photography

4.         Ernest Benecke (French, born Germany, active 1851-8), Zofia, Femme du Caire / Habillement du Harem, salted paper print, 1852, The Wilson Center for Photography

5.         Ernest Benecke (French, born Germany, active 1851-8), Esclaves Abyssinians, circa 1852, The Wilson Center for Photography

6.         Ernest Benecke (French, born Germany, active 1851-8), Esclave Abyssinian, circa 1852, The Wilson Center for Photography

7.         Pierre Trémaux (French, 1818 - 1895), Fille du Dar-Four, circa 1855, The Wilson Center for Photography

8.         Pierre Trémaux (French, 1818 - 1895), “Jeune Femme Nouba/Young Nubian Woman,” from Voyage au Soudan Oriental, circa 1855, photolithograph, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

9.         Claude-Joseph Désiré Charnay (French, 1828 - 1915), Hova Queen and Attendants, 1863, The Manfred Heiting Collection, Amsterdam

10.      Claude-Joseph Désiré Charnay (French, 1828 - 1915), Madagascar, 1863, ÓCollection Photothèque du Musée de l’Homme

11.      Claude-Joseph Désiré Charnay (French, 1828 - 1915), Madagascar, 1863, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

12.      Unknown artist, “Ellen,” aged 22, c. 1870, Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland

13.      Joseph T. Zealy (American, 1812 - 1893), Delia, country born of African parents, daughter of Renty, Congo (frontal), 1850, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Photograph by: Hillel Burger

14.      Joseph T. Zealy (American, 1812 - 1893), Delia, country born of African parents, daughter of Renty, Congo (profile), 1850, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Photograph by: Hillel Burger

15.      Joseph T. Zealy (American, 1812 - 1893), Drana, country born, daughter of Jack, Guinea (frontal), 1850, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Photograph by: Hillel Burger

16.      Joseph T. Zealy (American, 1812 - 1893), Drana, country born, daughter of Jack, Guinea (profile), 1850, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Photograph by: Hillel Burger

17.      Christiano Jr. (Argentinean, active 1870s), [nude woman from waist up], n.d., Courtesy of Ex Libris Ltda.

18.      Nadar (Gaspard Félix Tournachon) (French, 1820 – 1910), Antillaise, poitrine découverte (portrait de Rose), between 1856 and 1859, Orsay ÓPhoto RMN- C. Jean

19.      Nadar (Gaspard Félix Tournachon) (French, 1820 – 1910), Portrait d’une antillaise, portrait présumé de Rose, servante de Nadar, between 1856 and 1859, Orsay ÓPhoto RMN- C. Jean

20.      Nadar (Gaspard Félix Tournachon) (French, 1820 – 1910), Maria l’Antillaise, cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France

21.      Abdullah Frères (Turkish, active 1870s), Untitled, 1880s, Private collection

22.      Edward S. Curtis (American, 1868 - 1952), A Desert Queen, 1898, Camera Craft 2, no. 2 (December 1900): 128. Special Collections Division, University of Washington Libraries, no. UW147.

23.      Carlo Naya (Italian, 1816 – 1882) & Otto Schoefft (Austrian, active 1860s – 1890s), “Negress” from Le Caire Pittoresque, 1876, The Wilson Center for Photography

24.      Jean-Philippe Potteau (French, 1807 - 1876) or Louis Rousseau (French, 1788 – 1868), Portrait of Marie Lassus of New Orleans, (frontal) 1860, New Orleans Museum of Art, Museum Purchase, Clarence John Laughlin Photographic Society Fund

25.      Jean-Philippe Potteau (French, 1807 - 1876) or Louis Rousseau (French, 1788 – 1868), Portrait of Marie Lassus of New Orleans, (profile) 1860, Photographs and Prints Division Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations

26.      Walker Evans (American, 1903 – 1975), Negro Child, Havana (frontal view), 1933, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

27.      Walker Evans (American, 1903 – 1975), Negro Child, Havana (profile view), 1933, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

28.      Unknown artist, [woman against doorway], n.d., The Wilson Center for Photography

29.      Unknown artist, Tangiers Woman with Vase, n.d., The Wilson Center for Photography

30.      Édouard Manet (French, 1832 – 1883), Olympia, 1863, oil on canvas, 130.5 x 190 cm (51 3/8 x 74 ¾ inches), Orsay ÓPhoto RMN- Hervé Lewandowski

31.      Jacques Antoine Félix Moulin (French, ca. 1802 - after 1869), A Moorish woman with her maid, 1856, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

32.      Jacques Antoine Félix Moulin (French, ca. 1802 - after 1869), Untitled, [boudoir scene of a nude white woman and her naked black maid,] from Etudes Photographiques, 1850s, cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France

33.      Unknown artist, Untitled [Black woman with bunion holding fan], n.d., Private collection

34.      Unknown artist, Woman with Attendant, about 1890, Richard Merkin Collection

35.      Unknown artist, Pride of the Kraal—Woman, n.d., National Anthropological Archives, National Museum of Natural History

36.      Thomas Eakins (American, 1844 – 1916), African-American girl nude, reclining on couch, 1882, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

37.      Seydou Keïta (Malian, b. 1923), Untitled, 1956-57, Ó Seydou Keïta, Collection of Eileen and Peter Norton, Santa Monica

38.      Coreen Simpson (American, b. 1942), Masked Nude, 1997, ÓCoreen Simpson

39.      Unknown artist, Nude Study of a Black Woman, daguerreotype, circa 1850, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

40.      Unknown artist, [Standing Girl], circa 1885 – 1900, The Uwe Scheid Collection

41.      Unknown artist, Untitled [Young Black Woman on Leopard Skin], circa 1885 – 1900, The Uwe Scheid Collection

42.      Attributed to Luigi Naretti (Italian, active 1880s-1920s, d. 1922), Madame, albumen print, Eritrea, circa 1885, Coll. Nicolas Monti/Monas Hierogliphica

43.      Joseph Pennell (American, 1866 – 1922), Madam Sperber Group, 1906, Joseph J. Pennell Collection, Kansas Collection, University of Kansas Libraries

44.      New Orleans Police Department, Louisa Barnes, May 23, 1912; Bertha Bailey, April 29, 1912; Mable Brown, August 25, 1914; and Cleo Chandler, September 7, 1918, New Orleans Public Library

45.      John Gutmann (American, 1905 – 1998), In the Background: The Pimp, 1937, Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona Board of Regents

46.      Unknown artist, Femme de race boschimanne, 1815, watercolor on vellum, from Etienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire and Frédéric Cuvier, Histoire naturelle des mammiferès, Paris, 1819, Cop. Bibliothèque centrale M.N.H.N. Paris 1998

47.      Unknown artist, Femme de race boschimanne, 1815, watercolor on vellum, from Etienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire and Frédéric Cuvier, Histoire naturelle des mammiferès, Paris, 1819, Cop. Bibliothèque centrale M.N.H.N. Paris 1998

48.      Unknown artist, Exposition Universelle de 1889. Paris Pavillon central des Colonies, sur l’Esplanade des Invalides, 1889, Bibliothèque Historique de la Ville de Paris

49.      Unknown artist, Exposition Universelle de 1889. Paris Pavillon central des Colonies, sur l’Esplanade des Invalides, 1889, Bibliothèque Historique de la Ville de Paris

50.      Prince Roland Bonaparte (French, 1858-1924), [Unidentified woman in the Jardin Zoologique d’Acclimatation at the Exposition Universelle], circa 1889, from Boschimans et Hottentots, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

51.      Prince Roland Bonaparte (French, 1858-1924), [Unidentified woman in the Jardin Zoologique d’Acclimatation at the Exposition Universelle], circa 1889, from Boschimans et Hottentots, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

52.      Prince Roland Bonaparte (French, 1858-1924), [Unidentified woman in the Jardin Zoologique d’Acclimatation at the Exposition Universelle], circa 1889, from Boschimans et Hottentots, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

53.      Prince Roland Bonaparte (French, 1858-1924), [Three unidentified women in the Jardin Zoologique d’Acclimatation at the Exposition Universelle], circa 1889, from Boschimans et Hottentots, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

54.      Prince Roland Bonaparte (French, 1858-1924), [Betty, Hottentot girl], circa 1889, National Anthropological Archives, National Museum of Natural History

55.      Attributed to Prince Roland Bonaparte (French, 1858-1924), [Woman on giraffe skin], circa 1889, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

56.      Louis Rousseau (French, 1788 – 1868), Stinée, 1855, ÓCollection Photothèque Musée de l’Homme

57.      Barnett (South African, active 1890s), Photograph of Woman, South Africa, circa 1880s, Private collection

58.      Carla Williams (American, b. 1965), Untitled, from How To Read Character, gelatin silver print and photocopy transfer, 1990 – 1991, Collection of the University Art Museum, University of New Mexico

59.      Coreen Simpson (American, b. 1942), Club Savage, 1980, ÓCoreen Simpson

60.      Gibson, Chicago (American, active 1890s), Dahomey Woman, World’s Columbian Exposition Chicago (Ill.), cabinet card, 1893, Chicago Historical Society, ICHi-26927

61.      Unknown artist, Portrait of a Young Kru [Kroo] Woman from Village near Monrovia with Body Paint and in Costume, postcard, Chicago World’s Fair, 1893, National Anthropological Archives, National Museum of Natural History

62.      Unknown artist, Portrait of a Young Pesseh Woman from near Monrovia with Body Paint and in Costume, postcard, Chicago World’s Fair, 1893, National Anthropological Archives, National Museum of Natural History

63.      Roshini Kempadoo (British, b. 1959), the ‘Head People,’ from Sweetness and Light, 1996, Courtesy of the artist

64.      Roshini Kempadoo (British, b. 1959), the Great House People, from Sweetness and Light, 1996, Courtesy of the artist

65.      Roshini Kempadoo (British, b. 1959), Untitled from War of Position, No. 1, April 1995, Courtesy of the artist

66.      Roshini Kempadoo (British, b. 1959), Untitled from War of Position, No. 2, April 1995, Courtesy of the artist

67.      Roshini Kempadoo (British, b. 1959), Untitled from War of Position, No. 3, April 1995, Courtesy of the artist

68.      Unknown artist, Zulu Bride and Bridegroom, November 1896, Public domain

 

69.      Randall (active Detroit, Michigan, 1860s), I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth, 1864, Courtesy George Eastman House

70.      Carl Van Vechten (American, 1880-1964), Zora Neale Hurston, n.d., Library of Congress, Photograph by Carl Van Vechten by permission of the Van Vechten Trust

71.      Lorraine O’Grady (American, b. 1940), The Clearing; or Cortez and La Malinche, Thomas Jefferson, and Sally Hemings, N. and Me, 1991, Courtesy of the artist

72.      Lynn Marshall Linnemeier (American, b. 1954), “1 The Gift,” from The Annotated Topsy Series, 1993, Illuminated photograph, 32" x 42", Courtesy of the artist

73.      Lynn Marshall Linnemeier (American, b. 1954), “6 Wicked Acceptance,” from The Annotated Topsy Series, 1993, Illuminated photograph, 33.5" x 44", Courtesy of the artist

74.      Edward Steichen (American, 1879 – 1973), Ripe Corn, December 12, 1934, Courtesy George Eastman House

75.      Paul Outerbridge (1896 – 1958), Woman with Upraised Arms, around 1938, Private collection

76.      Edward Weston (American, 1886 – 1958), Maudelle in Daisies, 1939, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

77.      Edward Weston (American, 1886 – 1958), Maudelle in Ferns, 1939, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

78.      Edward Weston (American, 1886 – 1958), Maudelle on Dunes, 1939, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

79.      Johan Hagemeyer (American, 1884 – 1962), Maudelle Bass, 1939, Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona Board of Regents

80.      Manuel Alvarez Bravo (Mexican, b. 1902), Espejo Negro, 1947, Courtesy of the artist

 

81.      Waléry, Paris (active 1880s – 1920s), Josephine Baker, circa 1925, The Uwe Scheid Collection

82.      Madame d’Ora (Dora Kallmus) (Austrian, 1881 – 1963), Josephine Baker, 1928, Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg

83.      Baron Adolphe de Meyer (American, 1868 – 1949), Josephine Baker, 1925, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

84.      Eugène Atget (French, 1857 – 1927), Fête de Vaugirard, 1926 Albumen-silver print, 7” x 9 3/8” (18 x 24 cm). The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Abbott-Levy Collection. Partial gift of Shirley C. Burden. Copy Print Ó1998 The Museum of Modern Art, New York

85.      James Connelly (American, active 1930s), Nora Holt, 1930, Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library

86.      Carl Van Vechten (American, 1880-1964), Kaloah, exotic dancer in “Cotton Club Parade” on Broadway, 1936, Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Photograph by Carl Van Vechten by permission of the Van Vechten Trust

87.      Carl Van Vechten (American, 1880-1964), Pearl Bailey, July 5, 1946, Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Photograph by Carl Van Vechten by permission of the Van Vechten Trust

88.      Aaron Siskind (American, 1903 – 1991), Untitled from Harlem Document (dancer), 1932 – 1940, Courtesy George Eastman House

89.      Aaron Siskind (American, 1903 – 1991), Untitled from Harlem Document (dancer), 1932 – 1940, Courtesy George Eastman House

 

90.      Greg Gorman (American, b. 1949), Grace Jones, Los Angeles, 1991, photo by Greg Gorman

91.      Oggi Ogburn (American, b. 1942), Rappin' in the Flesh (Lil'Kim), 1997

92.      Lorna Simpson (American, b. 1960), She, 1992, Courtesy Sean Kelly Gallery, New York

93.      Catherine Opie (American, b. 1961), “Queen of Diamonds,” from Dyke Deck, published by the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, 1996, Courtesy of the artist and Regen Projects

94.      Catherine Opie (American, b. 1961), “Jack of Spades,” from Dyke Deck, published by the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, 1996, Courtesy of the artist and Regen Projects

95.      Catherine Opie (American, b. 1961), “Nine of Spades,” from Dyke Deck, published by the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, 1996, Courtesy of the artist and Regen Projects

96.      Catherine Opie (American, b. 1961), “Nine of Clubs,” from Dyke Deck, published by the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, 1996, Courtesy of the artist and Regen Projects

97.      Catherine Opie (American, b. 1961), “Six of Spades,” from Dyke Deck, published by the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, 1996, Courtesy of the artist and Regen Projects

 

98.      Richard Samuel Roberts (American, 1907 - 1936), Unidentified portrait (woman in uniform), probably 1920s, Estate of Richard Samuel Roberts

99.      Richard Samuel Roberts (American, 1907 - 1936), Unidentified portrait (woman out of uniform), probably 1920s, Estate of Richard Samuel Roberts

100.  Henry Wyman and Henry A. Strohmeyer (American, active 1890s), Cotton is King—A Plantation Scene, Georgia, U.S.A., 1895, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

101.  Doris Ulmann (American, 1882 – 1934), Untitled (woman plowing), circa 1925 – 34, Courtesy George Eastman House

102.  Gertrude Käsebier (American, 1852 – 1924), Black and White, 1903. Gum bichromate print, 8 ¼ x 6 7/8” (21 x 17.5 cm). The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Gift of Mrs. Hermine M. Turner. Copy Print Ó1998 The Museum of Modern Art, New York.

103.  Lewis Hine (American, 1874 – 1940), Tobacco worker, circa 1920, Courtesy George Eastman House

104.  Gordon Parks (American, b.1912), Washington, D.C. Government charwoman [Ella Watson], circa 1942, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, FSA-OWI Collection, [LCUSZ62-80024 DLC]

105.  Ming Smith Murray (American, active 1970s to the present), America Seen Through Stars and Stripes, 1976, Ming Smith Murray

106.  Lorna Simpson (American, b. 1960), You’re Fine, 1988, 4 Polaroids, wood plates, ceramic letters, 40 x 103”, Courtesy Sean Kelly Gallery, New York

107.  Pat Ward Williams (American, b. 1948), Negro Poster Girl, 1989, Courtesy of the artist

108.  Roshini Kempadoo (British, b. 1959), ECU—European Currency Unfolds, 1992, Courtesy of the artist

109.  Roshini Kempadoo (British, b. 1959), ECU—European Currency Unfolds, 1992, Courtesy of the artist

110.  Andy Warhol (American, 1928 – 1987), Aunt Jemima from American Icons, 1981, Ó1999 Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts/ARS, New York

111.  Unknown artist, Portrait of a Nurse and Young Child, circa 1850, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

112.  Unknown artist, Mrs. Wilson’s Nurse, ca. 1890s, glass plate negative, P1978.127.158, Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas

113.  Antônio da Silva Lopes Cardozo (dates), Antônio da Costa Pinto com sua ama-de-leite, 1861, Arquivo Nacional (Brasil)

114.  Rufus Holsinger (American, 1866 – 1935), Mr. Trotter, (Nurse and two children), December 12, 1912, Holsinger Studio Collection (#9862), Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library

115.  Rufus Holsinger (American, 1866 – 1935), Mrs. Shepherd, March 24, 1914, Holsinger Studio Collection (#9862), Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library

116.  Charles C. Zoller (American, 1854 – 1934), Child and Nurse, autochrome, circa 1920, Rochester, New York, Courtesy George Eastman House

117.  Thomas Easterly (American, 1809 – 1882), Father, Daughters, and Nurse, about 1850, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

118.  Oliviero Toscani (Italian, b. 1942), Breast Feeding, Benetton’s Campaigns for Racial Equality 1989, Copyright Benetton Group spa Photos by Oliviero Toscani

119.  Prentice H. Polk (American, 1898-1984), The Boss, 1932, Paul R. Jones Collection, Atlanta

120.  Coreen Simpson (American, b. 1942), Lady Chef (Velma James), 1979, ÓCoreen Simpson

121.  Unknown artist, [A portrait of a black woman holding a book], 1850s, Courtesy George Eastman House

122.  Unknown artist, Black woman, circa 1855, Courtesy George Eastman House

123.  Thomas Easterly (American, 1809 – 1882), Unidentified Young Black Woman (frontal view), daguerreotype, circa 1860, Missouri Historical Society

124.  Thomas Easterly (American, 1809 – 1882), Unidentified Young Black Woman (profile), daguerreotype, circa 1860, Missouri Historical Society

125.  Richard Samuel Roberts (American, 1907 - 1936), Annie Mae Manigault, 1920s, Estate of Richard Samuel Roberts

126.  Rufus Holsinger (American, 1866 – 1935), Marie S. Gordon, June 4, 1915, Holsinger Studio Collection (#9862), Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library

127.  Rufus Holsinger (American, 1866 – 1935), Nellie Willis, January 26, 1911, Holsinger Studio Collection (#9862), Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library

128.  P. H. Polk (American, 1898-1984), Mildred Hanson Baker, 1937-38, Paul R. Jones Collection, Atlanta

129.  Yasuo Kuniyoshi (American, 1893 – 1953), South, 1939, Courtesy of Sara Mazo Kuniyoshi, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

130.  James Latimer Allen (1907 – 1977), Madonna and Child, circa 1930, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture

131.  Ming Smith Murray (American, active 1970s to the present), Self-portrait with Mingus, 1987, Ming Smith Murray

132.  Renée Cox (American, b. 1958), Yo Mama and the Statue, 1993, Silver gelatin print, Courtesy of the artist

133.  Renée Cox (American, b. 1958), The Yo Mama, 1993, Silver gelatin print, Courtesy of the artist

134.  Renée Cox (American, b. 1958), Pieta, from “Renaissance” or “Icon Series,” 1994 – 1997, Courtesy of the artist

 

135.  James VanDerZee (American, 1886-1983), Reclining nude woman draped with cloth, n.d., The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of The James Van Der Zee Institute, 1970. (1970.539.30)

136.  James VanDerZee (American, 1886-1983), Nude Girl on Oriental Carpet, 1923, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of The James Van Der Zee Institute, 1970. (1970.539.27)

137.  Edgar Eugene Phipps (1887 – 19), Nude Study, n.d., Courtesy National Archives (200-HN-PH-2)

138.  John Mosley (American, 1907 – 1969), [Close-up of Woman on Chaise], circa 1940s, Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection at Temple University

139.  John Mosley (American, 1907 – 1969), [Woman Reclining on Chaise], circa 1940s, Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection at Temple University

 

140.  Chester Higgins (American, b. 1946), Untitled from Black Woman, circa 1969, Courtesy of the artist

141.  Beuford Smith (American, b. 1939), Woman Bathing, 1967, ÓBeuford Smith/Césaire Photos (ALL RIGHTS RESERVED)

142.  Harlee Little (American, b. 1947), Pregnant Woman, 1976, Courtesy of the artist

143.  Roland Charles (American, c. 1938-2000) Pregnant Nude in shadow, 1990, 10 x 8", black gallery/Black Photographers of CA, Inc. Archives

144.  Albert Chong (b. 1958), Yvette, 1987, 40 x 30", silver gelatin print, Courtesy of the artist

145.  Angèle Etoundi Essamba (Cameroonian, b. 1962), 42 Semaines (42 weeks), n.d., courtesy of Angèle Essamba and black gallery/Black Photographers of CA, Inc. Archives

146.  Angèle Etoundi Essamba (Cameroonian, b. 1962), Ventre sculpté (Sculptured Belly), n.d., courtesy of Angèle Essamba and black gallery/Black Photographers of CA, Inc. Archives

 

147.  Chester Higgins (American, b. 1946), Untitled (woman laying down touching her breast), n.d., Courtesy of the artist

148.  Chester Higgins (American, b. 1946), Untitled (two halved figures), n.d., Courtesy of the artist

149.  Elise Fitte-Duval (Martinican, b. 1967), Untitled nude, n.d., ÓFitte-Duval

150.  Elise Fitte-Duval (Martinican, b. 1967), Untitled nude, n.d., ÓFitte-Duval

151.  Chester Higgins (American, b. 1946), Untitled (woman in carnival costume), n.d., Courtesy of the artist

152.  Allen Jackson (American, dates unknown), Carnival, 1997, Courtesy of the artist

 

153.  Unknown artist, Face Powder, South Africa, n.d., National Anthropological Archives, National Museum of Natural History

154.  Unknown artist, Woman Dressing Hair, n.d., National Anthropological Archives, National Museum of Natural History

155.  Lewis Hine (American, 1874 – 1940), Negro School Beauty Parlor Training (Manicure), Bordentown School for Colored Youth, Bordentown, NJ, n.d., Courtesy George Eastman House

156.  Constance Stuart Larrabee (British, b. 1914), Transkei Maiden decorates her face with white clay from the riverbed and her lips with black nicotine from the stem of her long clay pipe. South Africa, 1947, Black Star

157.  Consuelo Kanaga (American, 1894 – 1978), Francis with a Flower, early 1930s, Gelatin-silver toned print, 10 5/8" x 8", Brooklyn Museum of Art. Gift of Wallace B. Putman from the Estate of Consuelo Kanaga.

158.  Harry Adams (American, dates unknown) Nat King Cole crowning beauty queen, circa 1950s, 9½" x 7½", black gallery/Black Photographers of CA, Inc. Archives

159.  Charles Williams (American, dates unknown) [Photographer photographing women by tree], circa, 1960s, black gallery/Black Photographers of CA, Inc. Archives

160.  Charles Williams (American, dates unknown) Howard Moorhead with three models, circa 1960s, black gallery/Black Photographers of CA, Inc. Archives

161.  Maxine Walker (British, b. 1962), Cleansing, from the series “Black Beauty,” 1992, Courtesy of the artist

162.  Deborah Willis (American, b. 1948), Bodybuilder # 4, 1997, Courtesy of the artist

163.  Deborah Willis (American, b. 1948), Bodybuilder # 20, 1997, Courtesy of the artist

164.  Lyle Ashton Harris (American, b. 1965), “Miss Girl” from the Americas Series, 1987 – 88, Courtesy: Jack Tilton Gallery, NY

165.  Lyle Ashton Harris (American, b. 1965), Constructs #11, 1989, Courtesy: Jack Tilton Gallery, NY

166.  Lyle Ashton Harris (American, b. 1965), Miss America, 1987 – 1988, Courtesy: Jack Tilton Gallery, NY

167.  Ajamu (British, b. 1963), Body Builder in Bra, 1990, 15" x 9 ½", Courtesy of the artist

168.  Joy Gregory (British, b. 1959), Untitled from the series Instruments of Beauty, 1992 – 1995, Courtesy of the artist

169.  Joy Gregory (British, b. 1959), Untitled from the series Instruments of Beauty, 1992 – 1995, Courtesy of the artist

170.  Joy Gregory (British, b. 1959), AutoPortrait, 1990, Courtesy of the artist

171.  Joy Gregory (British, b. 1959), AutoPortrait, 1990, Courtesy of the artist

172.  Joy Gregory (British, b. 1959), AutoPortrait, 1990, Courtesy of the artist

173.  Rosana Paulino (Brazilian, b. 1967), As armas do Império (The guns of the empire), 1995, 44.5 x 62.5 cm, Courtesy of the artist

174.  Stephen Marc (American, b. 1954), Ghana, 1988, Courtesy of the artist

175.  Stephen Marc (American, b. 1954), England, 1989, Courtesy of the artist

176.  Fern Logan (American, b. 1945), Headwrap, 1997, courtesy of Fern Logan

177.  Fern Logan (American, b. 1945), Lashare, 1996, courtesy of Fern Logan

178.  Cynthia Wiggins (American, active 1980s – present), Don’t Hate Me Because I’m Beautiful, 1996, Gelatin silver prints, installation view, 20" x 96", Courtesy of the artist

179.  Lorna Simpson (American, b. 1960), Proofreading, 1989, Courtesy of the artist

180.  Lorna Simpson (American, b. 1960), Flipside, 1991, Courtesy of the artist

 

181.  Rosana Paulino (Brazilian, b. 1967), É tao fácil ser feliz? (Is it that easy to be happy?), 1995, 62.5 x 44.5 cm, Courtesy of the artist

182.  Adrian Piper, Food for the Spirit #1, 1971, The Eileen and Peter Norton Collection

183.  Allison Bolah (American, dates unknown), Self-Portrait, 1998, Courtesy of the artist

184.  Kianga Ford (American, 1973), Untitled (Self-Portrait), n.d., Courtesy of the artist

185.  Clarissa Sligh (b. 1939), “Lay on Top of Me,” 1984, detail from Reframing the Past, 1988, The Museum of Modern Art, New York

186.  Clarissa Sligh (American, b. 1939), Enough, 1994, Courtesy of the artist